Abstract CRISPR-Cas9-based genetic screens have successfully identified cell type-dependent liabilities in cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a devastating hematologic malignancy with poor overall survival. Because most of these screens have been performed in vitro, evaluating the physiological relevance of these targets is critical. We have established a CRISPR screening approach using orthotopic xenograft models to prioritize AML-enriched dependencies in vivo, complemented by the validation in CRISPR-competent AML patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models tractable for genome editing. Our integrated pipeline has revealed several targets with translational value, including SLC5A3 as a metabolic vulnerability for AML addicted to exogenous myo-inositol and MARCH5 as a critical guardian to prevent apoptosis in AML. MARCH5 repression enhanced the efficacy of BCL2 inhibitors such as venetoclax, highlighting the clinical potential of targeting MARCH5 in AML. Our study provides a valuable strategy for discovery and prioritization of new candidate AML therapeutic targets. Statement of significance There is an unmet need to improve the clinical outcome of AML. We developed an integrated in vivo screening approach to prioritize and validate AML dependencies with high translational potential. We identified SLC5A3 as a metabolic vulnerability and MARCH5 as a critical apoptosis regulator in AML, representing novel therapeutic opportunities.

An in vivo CRISPR screening platform for prioritizing therapeutic targets in AML