Paper
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Explaining the t tbar forward-backward asymmetry without dijet or flavor anomalies
Authors
Zoltan Ligeti,Gustavo Marques Tavares
Martin Schmaltz,Cilia Mejia-Lancheros,Georgy Kostyuk,Magomed Akhmedov,Felix Höfling,Chung-Chih Hung, Leonid Bliakher,Agnieszka Judkowiak,Mukhtar Yakhyaev,Aleh Liaudanski,Юлия Сложеникина,n sandeep chaitanya,Igor Rudenko,Yulia Ostankova,Kristina Shvandar,Tatiana Poponnikova,Larysa Kriuchkova,Ирина Федосеева,Natalia Shcherbakova,Gabriele De Luca,Andrey Kamaev,CHING-HUI HSU,Татьяна Секераж,Nicolás Montalbán,Styliani Xanthi,David Sampson,Alexandr Syromyatnikov,Marianna Scapini,Humood Naser,Alberto Pérez-Mediavilla,Ching-Chun Huang,Michael P. H. Rodgers,Ilya Bulov,Margarita Shulbaeva,Daria Alekseeva,Iwona Kasperska,Kirill Malikov,Natalya Ilyenkova,Zinaida Sheremeteva,Владимир Сизонов,Olga Dzhioeva,Nikolay Surkov,shiva reddy koti,Anton Vladzymyrskyy,Marat Ezhov,Rune Storesund,Barbara Pichardo,Jens Elgeti,Vigen Minasyan,Ivan Abramenko,Alexander Bazarov,Javier Olivares Romero,CHI-SHE LI,Manuela Kulaxizi,Mahdi Ganjvar,Anish Goyal,Bojan Urdarević,Saleh Hamdan,Digamber Porob,David Van Wie,Alla Salasyuk,N/A ,Olga Artemyeva,Martin Köhne,Oleh Melnychuk,Alan W. Heldman,David Schofield,Dmitriy Voytko,Prosyannikov Mikhail,Renata Pajewska-Kwaśny,Nardeep Kumar,Sven Thoms,Omar Diego Lopez,Andrei Parnachev,Neil Switz,Alessandro Sfondrini,Linus Wulff,Hanna Deforzh,Feng-I Chung,Alfred Shapere,Xin Zhou,Hung-Yu Jian,Elena Schepkina,Neel Savani,ECE KILERCI ESER,Zuowei Liu,Askhab Shidaev,Peisi Huang,Глеб Карпович,Sologova Diana,Tatyana Mirolubova,Remi Leandre,Nadia Hamdy,Marcin Badziak,Ben Hoare,Ronnie Machielsen,Robert Harlander,Ірина Лесік,Rupal Deva,Brian Walker,Stefano Cremonesi,Chirag Khalde,Warren Zigman,Motokazu Mukaide,Алексей Назаренко,Tigran Gasparyan,Chia-hung Tsai,Dmitry Borodulin,Vitaly Lytvynov,Susanna Sologova,Ze-Jia Chen,Oleksii Holovin,Tommaso Comparin,Rudnev Valeriy ,Tetiana Kostina,Diego Rodriguez-Gomez,Polina Skorynina,Gian Luca Giorgi,Alina Rudenko,Olga Diachkova,Vladimir Gabrinets,Vadym Horiachkin,Виктория Кабай,Nadezhda Makazan,Thomas Santos,進發 程,Viktoriya Mankovska,Michał Knop,Takashi HOSOMA,Douglas Clark,Eliningaya Kweka,Dominique LE GRAND,Iker Iraola,Tamara Smirnova,Mohammad Aljaradin,saffet erdoğan,Chuin Peng Sim,Fernando Manuel da Cruz Duarte Pereira,Aurora Lara-Núñez,Gilles CHABRIEL,Bill Finlayson,Teh-Min Hu,Artur Kukharenka,Hwang Su Kim,Victor Minoranskii,Katelyn Stringer,Waterloo Tsutsui,Alexander Torres Gomez,Lucien Heurtier,Thomas Creutzig,Alexei Voskressenski,Mariya Kuznetsova,Vlada Stamenković,Lincoln Unruh,Олена (Olena, Yelena) Латишева (Latysheva),Henrique Duarte Neto,Vadim Ukrainsky,Galina Filippova,Jorge Pinzon,MARIA CECILIA LOSCHIAVO DOS SANTOS,Matthew Wood,Ilya Prokopiev,Михаил Шашурин,Vitalii ,Наталья Кулешова,HSING-CHIEN CHE,Olof Ohlsson Sax,Elena Antamoshkina,Eduardo da Hora,Rafid Sagban,Sylvain Lacroix,Анастасия A. Лаврикова,Masashi Masuda,Pavel Giverts,Kanagasabai Adalarasu,Alberto Ferrarini,Olivier A. 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Explaining the t¯t forward-backward asymmetry without dijet or flavor anomalies
Zoltan Ligeti,1 Gustavo Marques Tavares,2 and Martin Schmaltz2
1Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
2Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
We consider new physics explanations of the anomaly in the t¯t forward-backward asymmetry
measured at the Tevatron, in the context of flavor conserving models. The recently measured LHC
dijet distributions strongly constrain many otherwise viable models. A new scalar particle in the 3
representation of flavor and color can fit the t¯t asymmetry and cross section data at the Tevatron and
avoid both low- and high-energy bounds from flavor physics and the LHC. An s-channel resonance
in uc → uc scattering at the LHC is predicted to be not far from the current sensitivity. This model
also predicts rich top quark physics for the early LHC from decays of the new scalar particles. Single
production gives t¯tj signatures with high pjet
T , pair production leads to t¯tjj and 4 jet final states.
I. INTRODUCTION
The unexpectedly large forward-backward asymmetry
in the production of t¯t pairs at the Tevatron as ob-
served by CDF At¯t = 0.193 ± 0.069 [1] and DØ At¯t =
0.24 ± 0.14 [2] in 2008 generated a lot of interest, because
it is significantly higher than the Standard Model (SM)
prediction, At¯t (SM) ≈ 0.06 [3–6]. One reason for being
excited about this measurement is that the top quark
is a very sensitive probe of putative new physics at the
TeV scale, because of its large mass and coupling to the
Higgs. Therefore, one might expect signs of new physics
to first show up in top physics. This hope has received
a boost by the recent CDF analysis, which showed that
the asymmetry arises from t¯t events with high invariant
masses [7]
At¯t(mt¯t > 450 GeV) = 0.475 ± 0.114 ,
At¯t(mt¯t < 450 GeV) = −0.116 ± 0.153 . (1)
The updated DØ result, only available integrated over
mt¯t, and uncorrected for effects from reconstruction or
selection, At¯t = 0.08 ± 0.04 [8], is consistent with the in-
tegrated CDF result, At¯t = 0.158 ± 0.075 [7]. So is the
recent At¯t = 0.417 ± 0.157 measurement [9] in the dilep-
ton channel, in which the raw asymmetries, binned as in
Eq. (1), also support the same trend. The physics re-
sponsible for this anomaly may be related to CDF’s high
pT excess in a boosted top search [10]. The large asym-
metry at high masses points towards tree-level exchange
of a new heavy particle with strong couplings to first and
third generation quarks [11–21]. For fits of four-fermion
operators to the asymmetry data see [22, 23].
In absence of flavor symmetries, new states at the TeV
scale with strong couplings to quarks are severely con-
strained by the agreement of a vast amount of flavor
physics data with the SM (meson-anti-meson mixing, CP
violation, rare decays). We are therefore motivated to
look for an explanation of the t¯t asymmetry from new
states whose couplings (and masses) preserve the full fla-
vor symmetries of the Standard Model quarks along the
lines of Refs. [21, 24, 25].
To do so, we classify the new particles not only by their
spin and gauge charges, but also by their quantum num-
bers under the flavor symmetries SU (3)Q × SU (3)U ×
SU (3)D . Here SU (3)Q is the set of transformations
which rotate the three generations of left-handed quark
doublets, Q, and SU (3)U/D transformations rotate the
right-handed quark singlets, U/D. For simplicity, and
because this leads to the nicest model, we focus on the
case where the new states couple only to right-handed
up-type quarks.1 Depending on whether the coupling is
to two quarks or to a quark and an anti-quark, the new
states have quantum numbers of a “diquark” with baryon
number 2/3 or a “noquark” with baryon number 0. Un-
der SU (3)U flavor the new particles must transform in
one of the irreducible representations contained in
diquark: 3 ⊗ 3 = 3 ⊕ 6 , noquark: 3 ⊗ 3 = 1 ⊕ 8 . (2)
With regards to generating an asymmetry, the diquark
models are nice because diquarks contribute to t¯t produc-
tion in the u-channel (see Fig. 1). This new source of top
quarks is peaked in the forward direction and can easily
produce a large asymmetry. The “noquarks” in the fla-
vor singlet representation are closely related to the exten-
sively discussed axigluons and do not provide a very good
fit to the asymmetry data. The main problem is that they
are s-channel resonances coupling to up quarks and to top
quarks. They would give rise to features in the invariant
mass distribution dσt¯t/dmt¯t of t¯t pairs and also of dijets
at the Tevatron and the LHC [18]. The case of the 8 of
flavor is more interesting as it contributes to t¯t produc-
tion in the t-channel and the s-channel. It is possible to
find good fits to both the asymmetry as well as the total t¯t
cross section in this case for either light (M8 ∼ 300 GeV)
or heavy (M8 ∼ 1000 GeV) new states [21]. Data on di-
jet resonances from the Tevatron [26–28] and SPS [29, 30]
rule out flavor universal couplings in the light case. In ad-
dition, light spin one particles are associated with gauge
symmetries. This would imply at least an approximate
1 Coupling to up-type quarks is preferred because it accesses the
large up-quark parton distribution function, and even SU (3)Q
symmetric couplings to the quark doublets give rise to new flavor
violation proportional to CKM matrix elements.
arXiv:1103.2757v2 [hep-ph] 28 Mar 2011
Zoltan Ligeti,1 Gustavo Marques Tavares,2 and Martin Schmaltz2
1Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
2Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
We consider new physics explanations of the anomaly in the t¯t forward-backward asymmetry
measured at the Tevatron, in the context of flavor conserving models. The recently measured LHC
dijet distributions strongly constrain many otherwise viable models. A new scalar particle in the 3
representation of flavor and color can fit the t¯t asymmetry and cross section data at the Tevatron and
avoid both low- and high-energy bounds from flavor physics and the LHC. An s-channel resonance
in uc → uc scattering at the LHC is predicted to be not far from the current sensitivity. This model
also predicts rich top quark physics for the early LHC from decays of the new scalar particles. Single
production gives t¯tj signatures with high pjet
T , pair production leads to t¯tjj and 4 jet final states.
I. INTRODUCTION
The unexpectedly large forward-backward asymmetry
in the production of t¯t pairs at the Tevatron as ob-
served by CDF At¯t = 0.193 ± 0.069 [1] and DØ At¯t =
0.24 ± 0.14 [2] in 2008 generated a lot of interest, because
it is significantly higher than the Standard Model (SM)
prediction, At¯t (SM) ≈ 0.06 [3–6]. One reason for being
excited about this measurement is that the top quark
is a very sensitive probe of putative new physics at the
TeV scale, because of its large mass and coupling to the
Higgs. Therefore, one might expect signs of new physics
to first show up in top physics. This hope has received
a boost by the recent CDF analysis, which showed that
the asymmetry arises from t¯t events with high invariant
masses [7]
At¯t(mt¯t > 450 GeV) = 0.475 ± 0.114 ,
At¯t(mt¯t < 450 GeV) = −0.116 ± 0.153 . (1)
The updated DØ result, only available integrated over
mt¯t, and uncorrected for effects from reconstruction or
selection, At¯t = 0.08 ± 0.04 [8], is consistent with the in-
tegrated CDF result, At¯t = 0.158 ± 0.075 [7]. So is the
recent At¯t = 0.417 ± 0.157 measurement [9] in the dilep-
ton channel, in which the raw asymmetries, binned as in
Eq. (1), also support the same trend. The physics re-
sponsible for this anomaly may be related to CDF’s high
pT excess in a boosted top search [10]. The large asym-
metry at high masses points towards tree-level exchange
of a new heavy particle with strong couplings to first and
third generation quarks [11–21]. For fits of four-fermion
operators to the asymmetry data see [22, 23].
In absence of flavor symmetries, new states at the TeV
scale with strong couplings to quarks are severely con-
strained by the agreement of a vast amount of flavor
physics data with the SM (meson-anti-meson mixing, CP
violation, rare decays). We are therefore motivated to
look for an explanation of the t¯t asymmetry from new
states whose couplings (and masses) preserve the full fla-
vor symmetries of the Standard Model quarks along the
lines of Refs. [21, 24, 25].
To do so, we classify the new particles not only by their
spin and gauge charges, but also by their quantum num-
bers under the flavor symmetries SU (3)Q × SU (3)U ×
SU (3)D . Here SU (3)Q is the set of transformations
which rotate the three generations of left-handed quark
doublets, Q, and SU (3)U/D transformations rotate the
right-handed quark singlets, U/D. For simplicity, and
because this leads to the nicest model, we focus on the
case where the new states couple only to right-handed
up-type quarks.1 Depending on whether the coupling is
to two quarks or to a quark and an anti-quark, the new
states have quantum numbers of a “diquark” with baryon
number 2/3 or a “noquark” with baryon number 0. Un-
der SU (3)U flavor the new particles must transform in
one of the irreducible representations contained in
diquark: 3 ⊗ 3 = 3 ⊕ 6 , noquark: 3 ⊗ 3 = 1 ⊕ 8 . (2)
With regards to generating an asymmetry, the diquark
models are nice because diquarks contribute to t¯t produc-
tion in the u-channel (see Fig. 1). This new source of top
quarks is peaked in the forward direction and can easily
produce a large asymmetry. The “noquarks” in the fla-
vor singlet representation are closely related to the exten-
sively discussed axigluons and do not provide a very good
fit to the asymmetry data. The main problem is that they
are s-channel resonances coupling to up quarks and to top
quarks. They would give rise to features in the invariant
mass distribution dσt¯t/dmt¯t of t¯t pairs and also of dijets
at the Tevatron and the LHC [18]. The case of the 8 of
flavor is more interesting as it contributes to t¯t produc-
tion in the t-channel and the s-channel. It is possible to
find good fits to both the asymmetry as well as the total t¯t
cross section in this case for either light (M8 ∼ 300 GeV)
or heavy (M8 ∼ 1000 GeV) new states [21]. Data on di-
jet resonances from the Tevatron [26–28] and SPS [29, 30]
rule out flavor universal couplings in the light case. In ad-
dition, light spin one particles are associated with gauge
symmetries. This would imply at least an approximate
1 Coupling to up-type quarks is preferred because it accesses the
large up-quark parton distribution function, and even SU (3)Q
symmetric couplings to the quark doublets give rise to new flavor
violation proportional to CKM matrix elements.
arXiv:1103.2757v2 [hep-ph] 28 Mar 2011
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