Structural basis of potent Zika–dengue virus antibody cross-neutralization

Abstract

Zika virus is a member of the Flavivirus genus that had not been associated with severe disease in humans until the recent outbreaks, when it was linked to microcephaly in newborns in Brazil and to Guillain–Barré syndrome in adults in French Polynesia. Zika virus is related to dengue virus, and here we report that a subset of antibodies targeting a conformational epitope isolated from patients with dengue virus also potently neutralize Zika virus. The crystal structure of two of these antibodies in complex with the envelope protein of Zika virus reveals the details of a conserved epitope, which is also the site of interaction of the envelope protein dimer with the precursor membrane (prM) protein during virus maturation. Comparison of the Zika and dengue virus immunocomplexes provides a lead for rational, epitope-focused design of a universal vaccine capable of eliciting potent cross-neutralizing antibodies to protect simultaneously against both Zika and dengue virus infections. Monoclonal antibodies isolated from patients with dengue virus infection also bind to the Zika virus E protein and neutralize both Zika and dengue virus infection; the structures of two of these antibodies in complex with the Zika virus envelope protein define the binding determinants of the epitope and identify the structural basis of antibody cross neutralization. Félix Rey and colleagues show that a subset of monoclonal antibodies generated from patients with dengue virus infection bind to the Zika virus E protein — a Flavivirus envelope glycoprotein facilitating virus entry — and inhibit Zika infection. Structural data from these two antibodies in complex with the Zika virus envelope define the extent, composition and chemical landscape of the neutralizing epitope and identify the structural basis for antibody cross-reactivity. This work suggests Zika and dengue virus immunocomplexes as a lead for the design of a universal vaccine capable of eliciting potent cross-neutralizing antibodies to protect against both pathogens.