Although anti-PD-1 immunotherapy is widely used to treat melanoma, its efficacy still has to be improved. In this work, we present a therapeutic method that combines immunotherapy and starvation therapy to achieve better antitumor efficacy. We designed the CMSN-GOx method, in which mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) are loaded with glucose oxidase (GOx) and then encapsulate the surfaces of cancer cell membranes to realize starvation therapy. By functionalizing the MSN's biomimetic surfaces, we can synthesize nanoparticles that can escape the host immune system and homologous target. These attributes enable the nanoparticles to have improved cancer targeting ability and enrichment in tumor tissues. Our synthetic CMSN-GOx complex can ablate tumors and induce dendritic cell maturity to stimulate an antitumor immune response. We performed an in vivo analysis of these nanoparticles and determined that our combined therapy CMSN-GOx plus PD-1 exhibits a better antitumor therapeutic effect than therapies using CMSN-GOx or PD-1 alone. Additionally, we used the positron emission tomography imaging to measuring the level of glucose metabolism in tumor tissues, for which we investigate the effect with the cancer therapy in vivo.

Cancer Cell Membrane Camouflaged Nanoparticles to Realize Starvation Therapy Together with Checkpoint Blockades for Enhancing Cancer Therapy