Structural and functional characterization of a conserved pair of bacterial cellulose-oxidizing lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases

Abstract

Significance The discovery of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) has profoundly changed our understanding of the enzymatic conversion of recalcitrant polysaccharides, such as cellulose. Although in-depth studies of fungal cellulolytic LPMOs have been reported, the structures and functions of their bacterial counterparts with no detectable sequence similarity remain largely elusive. We present the structures of a conserved pair of bacterial cellulose-active LPMOs supplemented with extensive functional characterization. The structural data allow a thorough comparative assessment of fungal and bacterial LPMOs, providing insight into the structural basis of substrate specificity and the oxidative mechanism (C1/C4 oxidation). Importantly, we show that this LPMO pair acts synergistically when degrading cellulose, a finding that may help explain the occurrence of multiple LPMOs in a single microbe.