Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and neuroinflammation, possibly driven by activation of the NLRP3-inflammasome. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) hamper the assembly of the NLRP3-inflammasome; we analyzed whether Stavudine (D4T), a prototypical NRTI, modulates Aβ-mediated inflammasome activation; because neuroinflammation impairs Aβ-clearance by phagocytes, phagocytosis and autophagy were examined as well. THP-1 derived macrophages were stimulated in vitro with Aβ alone or after LPS priming with/without D4T. NLRP3 and TREM2 expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, phagocytosis and ASC-Speck by AmnisFlowSight, NLRP3-produced cytokines by ELISA, authophagy by P-ELISA evaluation of P-ERK and P-AKT. Results showed that IL1β, IL18 and caspase-1 were increased whereas Aβ-phagocytosis and TREM2 were reduced in LPS+Aβ42-stimulated cells. D4T reduced NLRP3 assembly as well as IL18 and caspase-1 production, but not IL1β phagocytosis, and TREM2. P-AKT expression was augmented and P-ERK was reduced by D4T, suggesting a stimulatory effect on autophagy. D4T reduces NLRP3 inflammasome-associated inflammation, possibly restoring autophagy, in an in vitro model of AD; it will be interesting to verify its possibly beneficial effects in the clinical scenario.